• Outcome

• Productivity enhancement

The amount, in kg, of a specified crop harvested per hectare. There are a range of yield concepts used so the indicator needs to clearly define the crop yield concept (see below), however projects should use crop cuts if possible. To measure output per area planted, and to track changes in this, that may be attributable to the inputs (including extension advice) provided from the programme. An increase in yield is generally positive. However need to be aware of environmental factors when making interpretation (such as rainfall, changes in government policy etc.). Very strong argument for having a counter-factual when using this indicator.

Geography/Livelihoods zone; Head of household’s gender, age, disabilities, chronic diseases, dependency ratio, and any other relevant criteria, such as urban/rural context, religious, ethnic or political identities; Wealth groups; Livelihoods group (e.g. pastoralist, farmers, traders); Period to achieve the objective;

• Increase (number)

Both secondary and primary data collection can be used according to context. Baseline/Endline. If multiyear programme consider also a mid-term evaluation Secondary data. Reliable/relevant sources from other actors, clusters or government. Seasonality needs to be considered. Data Collection methods: Secondary data analysis; Households Survey, Focus Group Discussion; Productive Organizations records

• Primary production

> Harvested output, land planted Appropriate to use across all agricultural projects that promote the growth of crops (Conservation Agriculture, Input Distribution, Farmer Field Schools etc.) Random from list of beneficiaries. If sample needs to be stratified (soil type, livelihood zone) sample size should be increased. Sample plots need to be identified and marked before any green harvest takes place. The preferred method is to mark one or two 5x5m plots pre harvest in each field to be sampled. While the farmer may harvest from the rest of the field, the marked plot should not be harvested until the extension worker is present. The plot should be in the center of the field. Where the field is heterogeneous two of more plots should be used. The crop should be harvested and placed in marked sacks. After sun drying the harvest is weighted and returned to the farmer. Provide standardized spring scales. Ensure consistency: all harvest dried, all shelled or all unshelled. (NOTE: the source document contains more detailed information of measure)